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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6344\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c93-1-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c93-1-600x450.jpg 600w, http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c93-1-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c93-1.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6345\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c94-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c94-600x450.jpg 600w, http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c94-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c94.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u3010PA\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u8a3a\u6642\u306b\u63a1\u53d6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u691c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30d0\u30ed\u30ad\u30b5\u30d3\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5909\u7570\u306f\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff08\u88682-2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30d0\u30ed\u30ad\u30b5\u30d3\u30eb\u6295\u4e0e\u5f8c\u306e\u518d\u8a3a\u6642\u306b\u63a1\u53d6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u691c\u4f53\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001A(H1N1)pdm09\u306f1\u4ef6\u3001A(H3N2)\u306f0\u4ef6\u3001B\/Victoria\u306f0\u4ef6\u3001NGS\u306b\u3088\u308a\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u691c\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u3082\u30d0\u30ed\u30ad\u30b5\u30d3\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5909\u7570\u306f\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08\u691c\u51fa\u7387\uff1a0\uff05\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u3010NA\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u8a3a\u6642\u306b\u63a1\u53d6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u691c\u4f53\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u30aa\u30bb\u30eb\u30bf\u30df\u30d3\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bNA\/N295S\u5909\u7570\u304c\u3001A(H1N1)pdm09\u30671\u4ef6\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u691c\u51fa\u7387\uff1a11.1\uff05\uff09\uff08\u88684\uff09\u3002\u30d0\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\uff08\u5909\u7570\u5272\u5408\u89e3\u6790\uff09\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u691c\u4f53\u4e2d\u306b\u5909\u7570\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u304c\u5360\u3081\u308b\u5272\u5408\u306f17.9%\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u691c\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30aa\u30bb\u30eb\u30bf\u30df\u30d3\u30eb\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5909\u7570\u306f\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30aa\u30bb\u30eb\u30bf\u30df\u30d3\u30eb\u6295\u4e0e\u5f8c\u306e\u518d\u8a3a\u6642\u306b\u63a1\u53d6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u691c\u4f53\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001NGS\u306b\u3088\u308b\u89e3\u6790\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001A(H1N1)pdm09\u304c2\u4ef6\u3001A(H3N2)\u304a\u3088\u3073B Victoria\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c0\u4ef6\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8a3a\u6642\u306b\u63a1\u53d6\u3055\u308c\u305f\u691c\u4f53\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u521d\u8a3a\u6642\u691c\u4f53\u3067NA\/N295S\u5909\u7570\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u60a3\u8005\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u691c\u4f53\u3067\u3001A(H1N1)pdm09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066NA\/N295S\u5909\u7570\u304c1\u4ef6\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u691c\u51fa\u7387\uff1a50.0\uff05\uff09\u3002\u30d0\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u691c\u4f53\u4e2d\u3067\u5909\u7570\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u304c\u5360\u3081\u308b\u5272\u5408\u306f18.6\uff05\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305fPA\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u5909\u7570\u691c\u51fa\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u307e\u3060\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u3010HA\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/p>\n<p>2024\u5e7410\u6708\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30eb\u30a8\u30f3\u30b6A(H1N1)pdm09\u306e\u30d8\u30de\u30b0\u30eb\u30c1\u30cb\u30f3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\uff08HA\uff09\u306e\u6a39\u5f62\u56f3\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff11\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6346\" src=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c91-5-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c91-5-450x600.jpg 450w, http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c91-5-768x1024.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/wppublichealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c91-5.jpg 1008w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u305f\u691c\u4f53\u306f\u3059\u3079\u30665a.2a\uff08C.1.9.3\uff09\u7cfb\u7d71\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff08\u8d64\u4e38\uff09\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u6d41\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u682a\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u30012024-2025\u5e74\u30b7\u30fc\u30ba\u30f3\u306e\u30ef\u30af\u30c1\u30f3\u682a\uff08A\/Victoria(\u30d3\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2) \/4897\/2022(IVR-238)\uff09\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b5a.2a.1\u682a\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u307e\u3060\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Overview of Influenza Circulating Strains and Antiviral Drug-Resistant Strains in Japan During the 2024-2025 Season (As <\/strong><strong>of April 18, 2025)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Between October 2024 and April 18, 2025, we conducted a study across Japan to monitor influenza activity and the emergence of influenza virus strains with drug-resistant substitutions. This study aimed to detect substitutions in the PA gene, which reduce sensitivity to baloxavir, and substitutions in the NA gene, which reduce sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors, including oseltamivir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Participating Medical Institutions and Sample Collection<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Outpatient medical institutions in seven prefectures participated in this study. Upper respiratory tract samples were collected as initial samples from patients who visited these institutions with suspected influenza symptoms (influenza-like illness, ILI), such as fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue. These patients were confirmed positive for influenza A or B using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). For patients treated with baloxavir, upper respiratory tract samples were also collected during follow-up visits 3\u20137 days after treatment. All clinical specimens were sent to Niigata University for influenza virus detection, subtype determination, and PA and NA substitution detection using real-time PCR(RT-PCR), Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Summary of Initial Sample Results<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among the 75 samples collected during the initial visit, 52 samples (69.3%) were identified as influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, while 14 samples (18.7%) were identified as influenza A(H3N2). No cases of unsubtypeable influenza A virus were detected (0.0%). Influenza B\/Victoria was detected in eight samples (10.6%). There were no cases of mixed A and B infections (0.0%). Additionally, one sample (1.3%) tested negative by RT-PCR (Table 1).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Detection of PA\/I38T Substitution in Pre-Treatment Samples<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cycling probe RT-PCR was used to detect the PA\/I38T substitution in pre-treatment influenza A samples. The substitution was not detected in any of the 52 A(H1N1)pdm09 or the 14 A(H3N2) samples analyzed, resulting in a detection rate of 0% (Table 2-1).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Follow-Up Samples After Baloxavir Treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among the patients treated with baloxavir, two individuals, both of whom had A(H1N1)pdm09, returned for follow-up 3\u20137 days after treatment and provided upper respiratory tract samples. Cycling probe RT-PCR analysis revealed that neither of these samples carried the PA\/I38T substitution, yielding a detection rate of 0%. Among the two samples, one was classified as a susceptible strain without the PA\/I38T substitution, while the other tested negative by PCR (Table 2-1).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Whole-Genome Analysis Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We conducted whole-genome analysis using NGS to investigate substitutions associated with reduced drug sensitivity in the PA and NA genes.<\/p>\n<p>A total of 11 initial samples were successfully analyzed by NGS. Among these, nine samples were identified as A(H1N1)pdm09, one sample was A(H3N2), and one sample was B\/Victoria (Tables 2-2 and 4).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>PA Gene Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the initial samples, no substitutions previously reported to be associated with reduced sensitivity to baloxavir were detected (Table 2-2).<\/p>\n<p>Among the follow-up samples collected after baloxavir treatment, NGS analysis was successfully conducted on one A(H1N1)pdm09 sample, while no A(H3N2) or B\/Victoria samples were available for analysis. No substitutions associated with reduced sensitivity to baloxavir were detected in any of these samples, resulting in a detection rate of 0%.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>NA Gene Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among the initial samples, the NA\/N295S substitution, which has been reported to confer reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir, was detected in one A(H1N1)pdm09 sample, corresponding to a detection rate of 11.1% (Table 4). Variant calling analysis revealed that the proportion of substituted viruses within this sample was 17.9%. No other substitutions associated with reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir were detected in any of the other samples.<\/p>\n<p>Among the follow-up samples collected after oseltamivir treatment, NGS analysis was successfully conducted on two A(H1N1)pdm09 samples, while no A(H3N2) or B\/Victoria samples were available for analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Among these follow-up samples, the NA\/N295S substitution was detected in one A(H1N1)pdm09 sample that was different from the sample in which it was initially detected, corresponding to a detection rate of 50.0%. Variant calling analysis revealed that the proportion of substituted viruses within this sample was 18.6%.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pending Analyses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As of now, substitution detection in the PA gene using Sanger sequencing has not yet been conducted.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phylogenetic Tree Analysis of HA gene<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A phylogenetic tree analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 detected in Japan since October 2024 was conducted (Figure 1). All the samples analyzed in this study belonged to the 5a.2a (C.1.9.3) lineage, which was confirmed to be consistent with strains currently circulating globally. The 5a.2a.1 strain, which is included in the 2024-2025 vaccine\uff08vaccine strain : A\/Victoria \/4897\/2022(IVR-238)\uff09, has not yet been detected in Japan as of now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2024-2025\u5e74\u30b7\u30fc\u30ba\u30f3\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30eb\u30a8\u30f3\u30b6\u6d41\u884c\u682a\u3068\u6297\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30eb\u30a8\u30f3\u30b6\u85ac\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u4f4e\u4e0b\u682a\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u6982\u8981\uff082025\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u6642\u70b9\uff09 &nbsp; 2024\u5e7410\u6708\u304b\u30892025\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u307e\u3067\u306e\u671f\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5404\u5730\u3067\u306e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.med.niigata-u.ac.jp\/pub\/2025\/04\/22\/2025%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%94%e6%9c%8818%e6%97%a5%e3%80%80%e6%8a%97%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%83%95%e3%83%ab%e3%82%a8%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b6%e5%89%a4%e6%84%9f%e5%8f%97%e6%80%a7%e4%bd%8e%e4%b8%8b%e6%a0%aa%e8%aa%bf\/\"> 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